Sarcoidosis

Learning objectives

Sarcoidosis is a disease characterized by the growth of tiny collections of inflammatory cells (granulomas) in any part of the body
Most commonly the lungs and lymph nodes
Less commonly affected are the eyes, skin, liver, and brain
The supraglottic region is commonly the site of sarcoid infiltration, and hilar lymphadenopathy can cause vocal cord palsy
Cardiac involvement is less common but potentially fatal
Unknown etiology
- Thought to be an immune reaction to a trigger such as infection or chemicals
Diagnosed by biopsy

General symptoms	Sarcoidosis can begin with these signs and symptoms: Fatigue Swollen lymph nodes Weight loss Pain and swelling in joints, such as the ankles
Lung symptoms	Persistent dry cough Shortness of breath Wheezing Chest pain
Skin symptoms	A rash of red or reddish-purple bumps Disfiguring sores (lesions) on the nose, cheeks, and ears Areas of skin that are darker or lighter in color Growths under the skin (nodules), particularly around scars or tattoos
Eye symptoms	Blurred vision Eye pain Burning, itching, or dry eyes Severe redness Sensitivity to light
Heart symptoms	Chest pain Dyspnea Syncope Fatigue Arrhythmias Palpitations Edema