IV catheterization is a medical procedure that involves inserting a flexible, sterile tube—known as an intravenous (IV) catheter—into a vein. This process allows for the direct delivery of medications, fluids, and nutrients into the bloodstream, and it is also used for drawing blood. The procedure is a fundamental skill for nurses, doctors, and other healthcare professionals in various settings, including hospitals, clinics, and emergency care.

Yes, an IV catheter is often referred to as an IV cannula. Both terms describe the same medical device used in IV catheterization. It consists of a small tube that can be inserted directly into the vein, providing access for the administration of intravenous therapies. The terms “IV catheter” and “IV cannula” are used interchangeably in medical practice.

How do you insert an IV catheter?

• Preparation: Gather all necessary equipment and perform hand hygiene. Select an appropriate site for catheter insertion, typically in the arm or hand.
• Site Selection and Cleaning: Choose a vein that is straight, visible, and palpable. Clean the area with an antiseptic solution to reduce the risk of infection.
• Insertion: With the skin taut, insert the catheter at an angle of 10 to 30 degrees with the bevel up, advancing it until blood is noted in the catheter’s flashback chamber.
• Advancement and Securement: Advance the catheter slightly further into the vein, then withdraw the needle, secure the catheter with medical tape, and attach the IV line.
• Confirmation and Use: Ensure proper placement by checking for signs of blood return and absence of swelling, then begin the prescribed infusion.

Determining the correct placement of an IV catheter in a vein rather than an artery is crucial. Here are signs to ensure correct venous placement:

• Proper Technique: Using aseptic techniques during insertion and maintaining cleanliness can significantly reduce the risk of infections.
• Regular Monitoring: Regularly checking the IV site for signs of redness, swelling, or pain helps in the early detection of issues like infiltration (fluid leaking into surrounding tissue) and phlebitis (inflammation of the vein).
• Site Rotation: Changing the IV site according to guidelines or at the first sign of any complication helps prevent skin and vein damage.
• Education and Training: Ensuring that all healthcare professionals inserting IV catheters are properly trained and up-to-date on the latest best practices.

The frequency of IV catheter replacement depends on several factors, including the type of catheter, the purpose of the infusion, and the patient’s condition. Guidelines recommend the following:

• Peripheral IV catheters should be replaced every 72 to 96 hours to minimize the risk of infection and phlebitis unless there are signs of complications that would warrant immediate replacement.
• Central Venous Catheters (CVCs) have different guidelines depending on their use and the specific protocols of the healthcare facility but generally, they are changed less frequently and monitored for signs of infection or other complications.

Adhering to these guidelines helps ensure the safety and effectiveness of IV therapy, maintaining high standards of patient care in medical settings.